• James Armistead, American patriot
• Matthew Ashby, American colonist
• Crispus Attucks, American patriot
• Joseph Cinqué, slave leader
• Paul Cuffe, U.S. merchant, seaman, and philanthropist
• Martin Robinson Delany, American black leader
• Frederick Douglass, American abolitionist
• W. E. B. Dubois, American author and teacher
• Henry Highland Garnet, American abolitionist clergyman
• Greenbury Logan, Texan soldier
• Homer Plessy, challenged segregation on trains
• Gabriel Prosser, leader of unsuccessful slave revolt
• Dred Scott, of the Supreme Court Dred Scott case
• Pierre Toussaint, philanthropist
• Sojourner Truth, American abolitionist
• Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist
• Nat Turner, American slave
• Gustavus Vassa, abolitionist, writer
• Denmark Vesey, American leader
• Phillis Wheatley, American poet

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The month of January was named after the Roman god Janus.