Symbol: Gd
Atomic Number: 64
Atomic Weight: 157.25
Element Classification: Rare Earth Element (Lanthanide Series)
Discovered By: Jean de Marignac
Discovery Date: 1880 (Switzerland)
Name Origin: Named after the mineral gadolinite.
Density (g/cc): 7.900
Melting Point (K): 1586
Boiling Point (K): 3539
Appearance: Soft, ductile, silvery-white metal
Atomic Radius (pm): 179
Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 19.9
Covalent Radius (pm): 161
Ionic Radius: 93.8 (+3e)
Specific Heat (@20°C J/g mol): 0.230
Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): n/a
Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 398
Thermal Conductivity (@25°C W/m K):
Debye Temperature (K): n/a
Pauling Negativity Number: 1.20
First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 594.2
Oxidation States: 3
Electronic Configuration: [Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²
Lattice Structure: Hexagonal (HEX)
Lattice Constant (Å): 3.640
Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.588