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 RussiaMore Facts & FiguresNational
name: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya
Current government officials
Languages:
Russian, many minority languages
Ethnicity/race:
Russian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir
1.2%, Chuvash 1.1%, other or unspecified 12.1% (2002)
Religions:
Russian Orthodox 15%–20%, other Christian
2%, Islam 10%–15% (2006 est.; includes practicing worshippers
only) Literacy rate: 100% (2003
est.) Economic summary: GDP/PPP
(2007 est.): $2.088 trillion; per capita $14,700. Real growth
rate: 8.1%. Inflation: 11.9%. Unemployment: 6.2%.
Arable land: 7%. Agriculture: grain, sugar beets,
sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk. Labor force:
75.1 million; agriculture 4.6%, industry 39.1%, services 56.3% (2007
est.). Industries: complete range of mining and extractive
industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms
of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft
and space vehicles; defense industries including radar, missile
production, and advanced electronic components, shipbuilding; road and
rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural
machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power
generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific
instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts.
Natural resources: wide natural resource base including major
deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals,
timber; note: formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance
hinder exploitation of natural resources. Exports: $365 billion
(2007 est.): petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and
wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and
military manufactures. Imports: $260.4 billion (2007 est.):
machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, sugar,
semifinished metal products. Major trading partners:
Netherlands, Germany, Ukraine, Italy, China, U.S., Switzerland,
Turkey, Japan, Kazakhstan, France (2004). Communications: Telephones: main lines in
use: 40.1 million (2005); mobile cellular: 150 million (2006).
Radio broadcast stations: AM 323, FM 1,500 est., shortwave 62
(2004). Radios: 61.5 million (1997). Television broadcast
stations: 7,306 (1998). Televisions: 60.5 million (1997).
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 2.844 million (2007).
Internet users: 25.689 million (2006). Transportation: Railways: total: 87,157 km
(2002). Highways: total: 871,000 km paved: 738,000 km (includes
29,000 km of expressways) unpaved: 133,000 km note: includes public
and departmental roads (2004). Waterways: Waterways 102,000 km
(including 33,000 km with guaranteed depth) note: 72,000 km system in
European Russia links Baltic Sea, White Sea, Caspian Sea, Sea of Azov,
and Black Sea (2006). Ports and harbors:
Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', De-Kastri,
Indigirskiy, Kaliningrad, Kandalaksha, Kazan', Khabarovsk, Kholmsk,
Krasnoyarsk, Lazarev, Mago, Mezen', Moscow, Murmansk, Nakhodka,
Nevel'sk, Novorossiysk, Onega, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Rostov,
Shakhtersk, Saint Petersburg, Sochi, Taganrog, Tuapse, Uglegorsk,
Vanino, Vladivostok, Volgograd, Vostochnyy, Vyborg. Airports:
1,260 (2007). International disputes:
China continues to seek a mutually acceptable solution to the disputed
alluvial islands at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri rivers and a
small island on the Argun River as part of the 2001 Treaty of Good
Neighborliness, Friendship, and Cooperation; the islands of Etorofu,
Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group identified by the Russians
as the “Southern Kurils” and by Japan as the
“Northern Territories” occupied by the Soviet Union in
1945, now administered by Russia, claimed by Japan; boundary with
Georgia has been largely delimited but not demarcated with several
small, strategic segments remaining in dispute and OSCE observers
monitoring volatile areas such as the Pankisi Gorge in the Akhmeti
region and the Argun Gorge in Abkhazia; equidistant seabed treaties
have been signed with Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan in the Caspian Sea but
no resolution on dividing the water column among any of the littoral
states; Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents
Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits
within the Svalbard Treaty zone; Russia continues to reject signing
and ratifying the joint 1996 technical border agreement with Estonia;
the Russian Parliament refuses to consider ratification of the
boundary treaties with Estonia and Latvia, but in May 2003, ratified
land and maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania, which ratified the
1997 treaty in 1999, legalizing limits of former Soviet republic
borders; discussions are still ongoing among Russia, Lithuania and the
EU concerning a simplified transit document for residents of the
Kaliningrad coastal exclave to transit through Lithuania to Russia;
land delimitation with Ukraine is ratified, but maritime regime of the
Sea of Azov and Kerch Strait is unresolved; delimitation with
Kazakhstan is scheduled for completion in 2003; Russian Duma has not
yet ratified 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement with the US in the
Bering Sea.
Major sources and definitions
Rulers of Russia Since 1533
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