Iran

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Index Iran Main Page Iran Becomes a Theocracy with Islamic Revolution U.S. and Iran Sever Ties Amid Hostage Crisis Khatami Attempts to Liberalize Nation Iran Taunts World With Nuclear Ambitions Ahmadinejad Elected President Iran Continues Progress on Nuclear Technology Presidential Election Thrusts Iran into Crisis Leaked Cables Show Arab Countries Wary of Iran Experts Fear Iran Will Exploit Tumult in Middle East Advances in Nuclear Program Lead to Additional Sanctions Relationship with Israel Reaches Critical Point

Iran Becomes a Theocracy with Islamic Revolution

The country's pro-Axis allegiance in World War II led to Anglo-Russian occupation of Iran in 1941 and deposition of the shah in favor of his son, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Pahlavi's Westernization programs alienated the clergy, and his authoritarian rule led to massive demonstrations during the 1970s, to which the shah responded with the imposition of martial law in Sept. 1978. The shah and his family fled Iran on Jan. 16, 1979, and the exiled cleric Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned to establish an Islamic theocracy. Khomeini proceeded with his plans for revitalizing Islamic traditions. He urged women to return to wearing the veil; banned alcohol, Western music, and mixed bathing; shut down the media; closed universities; and eliminated political parties.

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