2011 Nobel Prize Winners

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Below find the winners of the 2011 Nobel Prizes, including prizes for Peace, Physics, Medicine, Chemistry, Literature, and Economics.

• Peace
  Jointly to Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (Liberia), Leymah Gbowee (Liberia), and Tawakkul Karman (Yemen) "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work."
• Physiology or Medicine
  One-half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler (U.S.) and Jules A. Hoffmann (Luxembourg) "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"; and one-half to Ralph M. Steinman (Canada) "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity" (See also: Past winners in Physiology or Medicine Nobel Prizes.)
• Physics
  One-half to Saul Perlmutter (U.S.) and one-half jointly to Brian P. Schmidt (Australia) and Adam G. Riess (U.S.) for "the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae"
• Chemistry
  Dan Shechtman (Israel) for "the discovery of quasicrystals"
• Literature
  Tomas Tranströmer (Sweden) "because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality."