1624
Cardinal Richelieu was named chief minister of France by king Louis XIII.
1851
Issac Singer patented the sewing machine.
1865
British surgeon Joseph Lister became the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery.
1898
A peace protocol ending the Spanish-American War was signed.
1898
Hawaii was formally annexed to the United States.
1972
The last American combat troops left Vietnam.
1985
In the world's worst single-aircraft disaster, a Japan Air Lines 747 crashed into Mount Osutaka, killing 520 of the 524 aboard.
1998
Swiss banks agreed to pay $1.25 billion to settle lawsuits brought by Holocaust survivors and their heirs. The banks had kept millions of dollars deposited by Holocaust victims before and during World War II.
2000
The Russian military submarine, Kursk, and its crew were lost in the Barents Sea.
2004
N.J. governor James McGreevey announced his resignation.
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