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S- saccharin
- A compound,
C7H5NO3S, that is several hundred
times sweeter than can sugar and is used as a calorie-free
sweetener.
- salt
- An ionic compound with a positive ion
that comes from a base and a negative ion that comes from an
acid.
- silica
- Silica is the common name for silicon
dioxide, SiO2.It exists in nature as crystalline
quartz.
- smog
- A fog containing fumes, or a
photochemical haze caused by the action of ultraviolet radiation on
hydrocarbons and NOx from automobile exhaust.
- sol
- A liquid colloidal dispersion; a fluid
colloidal system in which solid particles are dispersed in a liquid
colloidal solution.
- solubility
- The maximum amount of a substance that
will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given
temperature.
- solute
- The substance dissolved in a solution;
substance present in a lesser amount in a solution.
- solution
- A homogeneous mixture of two or more
substances.
- solvent
- The substance present in the largest
amount in a solution; often the liquid component.
- spectrometer
- An instrument for measuring the
emission or absorption of light of a particular wavelength.
- spectroscopy
- The science that deals with the use of
the spectroscope and with spectrum analysis.A spectroscope is an
optical device for producing and observing a spectrum of light or
radiation from any source.
- spin
- The spin of an electron is designated
by ms, the electron spin quantum number, which
can have values of +1/2 and -1/2.In the presence of an external
magnetic field an electron in an orbital can have one of two
possible energy states, which depend on whether the magnetic field
associated with the electron is aligned with or against the
external magnetic field.
- stereochemistry
- The spatial arrangement of atoms in
molecules or compounds and the relation of spatial arrangement to
the substanceis properties.
- stereoisomers
- Two or more compounds with the same
molecular formula and the same atom-to-atom arrangement, but with
different arrangement of atoms in space. stereoisomeric
(adjective)
- steroids
- Compounds containing a 17-carbon,
four-ring system.
- stoichiometry
- The study of the quantitative
relationships between reactants and products.
- stratosphere
- The layer of the earth's atmosphere
that extends from roughly 7 miles (11 km) above the surface to 31
miles (50 km) above the surface.
- sublimation
- The direct conversion of a solid to a
gas.
- substituent
- An atom or group that replaces another
atom or group in a molecule.
- superconductivity
- A state in which the electrical
resistance of a material is so low that it cannot be measured and
appears to be zero.The superconducting state is also characterized
by unusual magnetic properties.
- supercritical
- Above the critical point; above
critical temperature or pressure.
- supersaturated solution
- A solution that temporarily contains
more solute than the saturated amount at some temperature.
- surface tension
- The energy required to disrupt the
surface of a liquid.
Glossary created by David Shaw (Madison Area Technical College) for The Chemistry Place. Information Please® Chemistry Place, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 
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