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New York City

New York, N.Y.

Mayor: Michael R. Bloomberg (to Dec. 2009)

Borough Presidents: Bronx, Adolfo Carrion; Brooklyn, Marty Markowitz; Manhattan, Scott M. Stringer; Queens, Helen M. Marshall; Staten Island, James P. Molinaro

2000 census population (rank): 8,008,278 (1); % change: 9.4; Male: 3,794,204 (47.4%); Female: 4,214,074 (52.6%); White: 3,576,385 (44.7%); Black: 2,129,762 (26.6%); American Indian and Alaska Native: 41,289 (0.5%); Asian: 787,047 (9.8%); Other race: 1,074,406 (13.4%); Two or more races: 393,959 (4.9%); Hispanic/Latino: 2,160,554 (27.0%). 2000 percent population 18 and over: 75.8%; 65 and over: 11.7%; Median age: 34.2.

2005 population estimate (rank): 8,143,197 (1)

See additional census data

Land area: 303 sq mi (785 sq km) (Queens, 109 sq mi; Brooklyn, 71 sq mi; Staten Island, 58 sq mi; Bronx, 42 sq mi; Manhattan, 23 sq mi);

Alt.: Highest, 426 ft.; lowest, sea level

Avg. daily temp.: Jan., 31.5° F; July, 76.8° F

Churches: Protestant, 1,766; Jewish, 1,256; Roman Catholic, 437; Orthodox, 66;

City-owned parks: 1,701 (28,312 ac.);

Radio stations: AM, 13; FM, 18;

Television stations: 6 commercial; 1 public

Civilian Labor Force (PMSA) April 2006: 9,215,600¹;

Unemployed: 440,300¹,

Percent: 4.8¹;

Per capita personal income (MSA) 2003: $43,277¹

Chamber of Commerce: Greater New York Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 172 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016

1. New York–Northern N.J.–Long Island, N.Y.–N.J.–Pa.

New York City is the largest city in the United States. It is located in the southern part of New York State, at the mouth of the Hudson River (also known as North River as it passes Manhattan Island).

In 1609, Henry Hudson sailed up the river that now bears his name and went as far as Albany. Five years later, a permanent settlement was established at what is now New York, but it was originally called New Amsterdam by the Dutch governors. One of them, Peter Minuit, was said to have bought Manhattan Island from the Indians in exchange for beads, buttons, and trinkets. In 1664, Great Britain's Duke of York sent a fleet that quietly seized the settlement from the Dutch without bloodshed and rechristened the colony in honor of the duke.

Control of New York passed to the young U.S. at the end of the Revolutionary War, and George Washington was inaugurated president in New York's old City Hall. Congress met in New York from 1785 to 1790.

In 1898, when Greater New York was chartered, the city expanded to include the following five boroughs, which are also counties in New York State: Manhattan (New York County); Brooklyn (Kings County); Bronx (Bronx County); Queens (Queens County); and Staten Island (Richmond County).

“The Big Apple” is a major world capital and a world leader in finance, the arts, and communications. The port of New York is one of the finest in the world and ranks as the largest port complex on the East Coast. The city is the home of the United Nations and is headquarters for some of the world's largest corporations. The city is also the center of advertising, fashion, publishing, and radio broadcasting in the United States.

In Sept. 2001, terrorist hijackers crashed two commercial jets into the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan, causing the complete destruction of the twin towers and major loss of life.

Mayor Michael Bloomberg easily won his second term in the November 2005 elections.

See also Encyclopedia: New York .