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Encyclopedia—sea star

Reproduction

Sea stars shed their eggs and sperm into the water, and fertilization occurs externally, producing a swimming, bilaterally symmetrical larva. The larva settles and undergoes a sessile (attached) period while metamorphosing into the free-living, radially symmetrical adult form. A single female may produce over 2 million eggs in one spawn, but the eggs and larvae form part of the plankton on which many marine animals feed, and few survive.

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Viviparity in the sea star Cryptasterina hystera (Asterinidae)--conserved and modified features in reproduction and development. (The Biological Bulletin)

Reproduction and larval morphology of broadcasting and viviparous species in the Cryptasterina species complex. (The Biological Bulletin)

Reproduction and development of the conspicuously dimorphic brittle star Ophiodaphne formata (Ophiuroidea). (The Biological Bulletin)

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