Name at birth: Yung Myung Moon (Mun)

Sun Myung Moon is the founder and leader of the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity, also called the Unification Church, a world-wide organization that believes him to be the "Messiah" sent by God to complete the earthly mission of Jesus. As a teenager in Korea, Moon had a vision of Jesus (1935), who told him he'd been chosen to continue God's fight against evil. Moon founded his church in 1954, but didn't get international attention until moving to the United States in the early '70s. He ran afoul of the U.S. congress in 1976 and was investigated for his business dealings and his connections to the CIA in Korea. The investigation, denounced by Senator Orrin Hatch and other conservative politicians, culminated with Moon spending 13 months in prison (1981-2) for conspiracy and filing false tax returns. Reverend Moon has been attacked as a cult leader, but his church (now called the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification) continues to have hundreds of thousands of members (often referred to as "Moonies") and holdings in educational and media institutions, including the political journal The Washington Times.