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History and Government—Congressional Biographies—OhioJohn SHERMAN
(1823-1900)
Senate Years of Service:
1861-1877; 1881-1897Party: Republican;
RepublicanSHERMAN, John, a
Representative and a Senator from Ohio; born in Lancaster,
Fairfield County, Ohio, on May 10, 1823; attended the common
schools and an academy in Ohio; left school to work as an engineer
on canal projects; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1844 and
began practice in Mansfield, Ohio; moved to Cleveland, Ohio, in
1853; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fourth and to the three
succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1855, to March 21,
1861, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Ways and Means
(Thirty-sixth Congress); elected as a Republican to the United
States Senate in 1861 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation
of Salmon P. Chase; reelected in 1866 and 1872 and served from
March 21, 1861, until his resignation on March 8, 1877; chairman,
Committee on Agriculture (1863-67), Committee on Finance (1863-65,
1867-77); appointed Secretary of the Treasury in the Cabinet of
President Rutherford Hayes in March 1877, and served until March
1881; again elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in
1881 in the place of James A. Garfield, who had been elected
President of the United States; reelected in 1886 and 1892 and
served from March 4, 1881, until his resignation on March 4, 1897;
Republican Conference chairman (1884-1885, 1891-1897); President
pro tempore (1885-1887); chairman, Committee on the Library
(Forty-seventh through Forty-ninth Congresses), Committee on
Foreign Relations (Forty-ninth through Fifty-second Congresses,
Fifty-fourth Congress); appointed Secretary of State in the Cabinet
of President William McKinley and served from March 1897, until his
resignation in April 1898; retired to private life; died in
Washington, D.C., October 22, 1900; interment in Mansfield
Cemetery, Mansfield, Richland County, Ohio.
Bibliography
American National Biography; Dictionary of American
Biography; The Yale Biographical Dictionary of American
Law; Burton, Theodore. John Sherman. 1906. Reprint. New
York: AMS Press, 1972; Sherman, John. Recollections of Forty
Years in the House, Senate, and Cabinet. 1895. Reprint. 2 vols.
New York: Greenwood Press, 1968.
Source: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1771-Present
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