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History and Government—Congressional Biographies—PennsylvaniaRUSH, Benjamin
(1746—1813)
RUSH, Benjamin, a Delegate from Pennsylvania; born in Byberry Township, near Philadelphia, Pa., January 4, 1746; educated under private tutors and at a private school in Nottingham, Md.; was graduated from Princeton College in 1760; studied medicine in Philadelphia, Edinburgh, London, and Paris, and commenced practice in Philadelphia in August 1769; held several professorships in the Philadelphia Medical College; Member of the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777; a signer of the Declaration of Independence; entered the Revolutionary Army as surgeon general of the Middle Department in April 1777; made physician general in July 1777; resigned in February 1778; resumed the practice of medicine; delegate to the Pennsylvania ratification convention, 1787; founder of the Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia; president of the Philadelphia Medical Society; vice president and one of the founders of the Philadelphia Bible Society; one of the founders of Dickinson College at Carlisle, Pa.; assisted in the establishment of the Philadelphia dispensary in 1786; treasurer of the United States Mint at Philadelphia from 1799 until his death in that city April 19, 1813; interment in Christ Church Burying Ground.
Bibliography
Brodsky, Alyn. Benjamin Rush: Patriot and Physician
. New York: Truman Talley Books/St. Martin’s Press, 2004.
Adams, John. The Spur of Fame: Dialogues of John Adams and Benjamin Rush, 1805-1813
. Edited by John A. Schutz and Douglass Adair. 1966. Reprint, Indianapolis, Ind.: Liberty Fund, [2000].
Barton, David. Benjamin Rush: Signer of the Declaration of Independence
. Aledo, Tex.: Wall Builder Press, 1999.
Binger, Carl Alfred Lanning. Revolutionary Doctor: Benjamin Rush, 1746-1813
. New York: Norton, [1966].
Blinderman, Abraham. Three Early Champions of Education: Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush, and Noah Webster
. Bloomington, Ind.: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1976.
Brodsky, Alyn. Benjamin Rush: Patriot and Physician
. New York: Truman Talley Books/St. Martin’s Press, 2004.
D’Elia, Donald J. Benjamin Rush, Philosopher of the American Revolution
. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1974.
Douty, Esther Morris. Patriot Doctor, the Story of Benjamin Rush
. New York: Messner, [1959].
Goodman, Nathan G. Benjamin Rush, Physician and Citizen, 1746-1813
. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1934.
Hawke, David F. Benjamin Rush, Revolutionary Gadfly
. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971.
Johnson, John Graver. A Criticism of Mr. Wm. B. Reed’s Aspersions on the Character of Dr. Benjamin Rush, With an Incidental Consideration of General Joseph Reed’s Character
. By a member of the Philadelphia Bar. Philadelphia: Collins, Printer, 1867.
Kennedy, Jennifer Tiercel. “Signing history: The memoirs of Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson.” Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1999.
Mitchell, Silas Weir. Historical Notes of Dr. Benjamin Rush, 1777
. Philadelphia: N.p., 1903.
Neilson, Winthrop. Verdict for the Doctor; The Case of Benjamin Rush
. New York: Hastings House, [1958].
Pepper, William. Benjamin Rush
. Chicago: Printed at the Office of the Association, 1890.
Pratt, Herbert T., ed. Doctor Benjamin Rush’s Inquiry into the Health and Medical Practices of Indians
. Oration delivered February 4, 1774, before the American Philosophical Society, held at Philadelphia. Selections. Wilmington: Archaeological Society of Delaware, 1974.
Riedman, Sarah Regal and Clarence C. Green. Benjamin Rush: Physician, Patriot, Founding Father
. London, New York: Abelard-Schuman, [1964].
Rush, Benjamin. An Account of the Manners of the German Inhabitants of Pennsylvania (1789)
. 1910. Reprint, With a new introduction by William T. Parsons. Collegeville: Institute on Pennsylvania Dutch Studies, 1974.
———. An Account of the State of the body and Mind in Old Age
. Edinburgh: N.p., 1807.
———. An Address on the Slavery of the Negroes in America. Address to the Inhabitants of the British Settlements in America
. New York: Arno Press, 1969.
———. An Address to the Inhabitants of the British Settlements in America, Upon Slave-keeping
. Philadelphia: Printed by J. Dunlap, 1773.
———. The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush; His Travels Through Life Together with his Commonplace Book for 1789-1813
. 1948. Reprint, Edited with introduction and notes by George W. Corner. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, [1970].
———. Benjamin Rush: A Discourse Delivered Before the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, Feb. 6th, 1787 on the Objects of Their Institution: A Facsimile of the 1787 Address with an introduction by Thomas A. Horrocks
. Philadelphia, Pa.: Historical Collections of the Library, College of Physicians of Philadelphia, 1987.
———. Benjamin Rush’s Lectures on the Mind
. Edited, annotated, and introduced by Eric T. Carlson, Jeffrey L. Wollock, and Patricia S. Noel. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1981.
———. Considerations on the Injustice and Impolicy of Punishing Murder by Death: Extracted from the American Museum: With Additions
. Philadelphia: From the Press of Mathew Carey, May 4, 1792.
———. Considerations Upon the Present Test-law of Pennsylvania: Addressed to the Legislature and Freemen of the State
. Philadelphia: Printed by Hall and Sellers, [1784].
———. An Enquiry into the Effects of Spiritous Liquors Upon the Human Body, and Their Influence Upon the Happiness of Society
. 1787. Reprint, Philadelphia: Printed by Thomas Bradford, [1790].
———. Essays: Literary, Moral, and Philosophical. 1806. Reprint, edited with an introductory essay by Michael Meranze, Schenactady, N.Y.: Union College Press, 1988.
———. Experiments and Observations on the Mineral Waters of Philadelphia, Abington, and Bristol, in the Province of Pennsylvania
. Philadelphia: Printed by James Humphreys, junior, 1773.
———. An Inquiry into the Effects of Ardent Spirits Upon the Human Body and Mind: With an Account of the Means of Preventing, and of the Remedies for Cuing Them
. 1790. Reprint, New York: C. Davis, 1811.
———. An Inquiry into the Various Sources of the Usual Forms of Summer & Autumnal Disease in the United States
. Philadelphia: J. Conrad & Co.; Baltimore: M. & J. Conrad & Co.; Printed by T. & G. Palmer, 1805.
———. Letters
. Edited by L. H. Butterfield. [Princeton]: Published for the American Philosophical Society by Princeton University Press, 1951.
———. Medical Inquiries and Observations
. 1794. Reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1972.
———. Medical Inquiries and Observations on the Diseases of the Mind
. 1812. Reprint, Special edition, Birmingham, Ala.: Classics of Medicine Library, 1979.
———. My Dearest Julia: The Loveletters of Dr. Benjamin Rush to Julia Stockton
. New York: N. Watson Academic Publications, 1979.
———. The New Method of Inoculating for the Small-pox: Delivered in a Lecture in the University of Pennsylvania, on the 20th of February 1781
. The third edition. Philadelphia: Printed and sold by Parry Hall, 1792.
———. Observations Upon the Origin of the Malignant Bilious, or Yellow Fever in Philadelphia, and Upon the Means of Preventing It: Addressed to the Citizens of Philadelphia
. Philadelphia: Printed by Budd and Bartram, for Thomas Dobson, at the stone house, No. 41, south Second Street, 1799.
———. A Plan for the Punishment of Crime; Two Essays
. Edited by Negley K. Teeters. Philadlephia: Pennsylvania Prison Society, [1954].
———. A Report of an Action for a Libel, Brought by Dr. Benjamin Rush, Against William Cobbett, In the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, December Term, 1799, for Certain Defamatory Publications in a News-paper, Entitled “Porcupine’s Gazette,” of which the Said William Cobbett was Editor
. Philadelphia: Printed by W. W. Woodward, no. 17, Chesnut Street, 1800.
———. A Second Address to the Citizens of Philadelphia, Containing Additional Proofs of the Domestic Origin of the Malignant Bilious, or Yellow Fever: To Which are Added, Observations, Intended to Shew [sic] That a Belief in that Opinion, is Calculated to Lessen the Mortality of the Disease, and to Prevent its Recurrence
. Philadelphia: Printed by Budd and Bartram for Thomas Dobson, 1799.
———. Sixteen Introductory Lectures
. With an introduction by Lawrence A. May. 1811. Reprint, Oceanside, N.Y.: Dabor Science Publications, 1977.
———. Two Essays on the Mind: An Enquiry into the Influence of Physical Causes Upon the Moral Faculty, and On the influence of Physical Causes in Promoting an Increase of the Strength and Activity of the Intellectual Faculties of Man
. Introduction by Eric T. Carlson. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1972.
———. A Vindication of the Address, to the Inhabitants of the British Settlements, on the Slavery of the Negroes in America, In Answer to a Pamphlet Entitled, ”Slavery not forbidden by Scripture; or, A defence of the West-India planters from the aspersions thrown out against them by the author of the Address.”
By a Pennsylvanian. Philadelphia: J. Dunlap, 1773.
Switzer, Charles Irvin. “The Political, Philosophical, and Religious Thought of Dr. Benjamin Rush.” Ph.D. diss., Michigan State University, 1966.
Source: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1771-Present
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