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History and Government—Congressional Biographies—New YorkElihu ROOT
(1845-1937)
Senate Years of Service:
1909-1915Party: RepublicanROOT, Elihu, a Senator
from New York; born in Clinton, Oneida County, N.Y., February 15,
1845; attended the common schools; graduated from Hamilton College,
Clinton, N.Y., in 1864; taught in the Rome (N.Y.) Academy in 1865;
graduated from the law school of the University of the City of New
York in 1867; admitted to the bar in the same year and commenced
practice in New York City; United States attorney for the southern
district of New York 1883-1885; delegate to the State
constitutional convention in 1894; appointed Secretary of War by
President William McKinley 1899-1904; appointed Secretary of State
by President Theodore Roosevelt 1905-1909; elected as a Republican
to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1909, to March
3, 1915; declined to be a candidate for reelection; chairman,
Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Sixty-first
Congress), Committee on Industrial Expositions (Sixty-second
Congress); resumed the practice of law in New York City; author;
president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
1910-1925; awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 1912; president of The
Hague Tribunal of Arbitration between Great Britain, France, Spain,
and Portugal, concerning church property, in 1913; president of the
New York State constitutional convention in 1915; appointed by
President Woodrow Wilson to be Ambassador Extraordinary at the head
of a special diplomatic mission from the United States to Russia in
1917; Commissioner Plenipotentiary to the Conference on Limitation
of Armament at Washington, D.C., 1921-1922; member of the Committee
of International Jurists, which, on invitation of the Council of
the League of Nations, reported the plan for a new Permanent Court
of International Justice in 1921; died in New York City, February
7, 1937; interment in Hamilton College Cemetery, Clinton, N.Y.
Bibliography
American National Biography; Dictionary of American
Biography; The Yale Biographical Dictionary of American
Law; Jessup, Philip. Elihu Root. 1938. Reprint. 2 vols.
Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1964; Leopold, Richard. Elihu Root
and the Conservative Tradition. Boston: Little, Brown and
Company, 1954; Zimmerman, Warren. First Great Triumph: How Five
Americans Made Their County a World Power. New York: Farrar,
Straus & Giroux, 2002.
Source: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1771-Present
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