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History and Government—Congressional Biographies—MassachusettsTimothy PICKERING
(1745-1829)
Senate Years of Service:
1803-1811Party: FederalistPICKERING, Timothy, a
Senator and a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Salem,
Mass., July 17, 1745; attended the grammar school and graduated
from Harvard College in 1763; clerk in the office of register of
deeds in Salem; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1768 and
commenced practice in Salem; selectman and assessor 1772-1777;
member of Committee on State of Rights of Colonists 1773; member of
Committee of Correspondence and Safety 1774-1775; held various
local offices; elected to the State legislature in 1776; entered
the Revolutionary Army as colonel; appointed adjutant general and
elected as a member of Board of War in 1777; became Quartermaster
General of the Army in 1780; moved to Philadelphia in 1785 and to
Wyoming County, Pa., in 1787; member of the Pennsylvania State
constitutional convention 1789-1790; special government agent on
missions to the Indians; appointed Postmaster General in the
administration of President George Washington in 1791, as Secretary
of War in 1795, and as Secretary of State 1795-1800; returned to
Massachusetts in 1802; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1802
to the Eighth Congress; appointed chief justice of court of common
pleas and general sessions of the peace in 1802; elected to the
United States Senate as a Federalist in 1803 to fill the vacancy
caused by the resignation of Dwight Foster; reelected and served
from March 4, 1803, to March 3, 1811; unsuccessful candidate for
reelection in 1811; censured by the Senate in 1811 for breach of
confidence; member of the executive council of Massachusetts
1812-1813; elected as a Federalist to the Thirteenth and Fourteenth
Congresses (March 4, 1813-March 3, 1817); declined to be a
candidate for renomination; returned to his farm near Wenham,
Mass.; returned to Salem in 1820; unsuccessful candidate for
election to the Seventeenth Congress; died in Salem, Essex County,
Mass., January 29, 1829; interment in Broad Street Cemetery.
Bibliography
American National Biography; Dictionary of American
Biography; Clarfield, Gerald. Timothy Pickering and the
American Republic. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press,
1980; Prentiss, Hervey. Timothy Pickering as the Leader of New
England Federalism, 1800-1815. 1934. Reprint. New York: Da Capo
Press, 1972.
Source: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1771-Present
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