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History and Government—Congressional Biographies—Tennessee / USAndrew JACKSON
(1767-1845)
Senate Years of Service:
1797-1798; 1823-1825Party: Democratic
RepublicanJACKSON, Andrew, a
Representative and a Senator from Tennessee and 7th President of
the United States; born on March 15, 1767; in the Waxhaw Settlement
in South Carolina; attended an old-field school; though just a boy,
participated in the battle of Hanging Rock during the Revolution,
captured by the British and imprisoned; worked for a time in a
saddler’s shop and afterward taught school; studied law in
Salisbury, N.C.; admitted to the bar in 1787; moved to Jonesboro
(now Tennessee) in 1788 and commenced practice; appointed solicitor
of the western district of North Carolina, comprising what is now
the State of Tennessee, in 1788; held the same position in the
territorial government of Tennessee after 1791; delegate to the
convention to frame a constitution for the new State 1796; upon the
admission of Tennessee as a State into the Union was elected to the
Fourth and Fifth Congresses and served from December 5, 1796, until
his resignation in September 1797; elected as a Democratic
Republican in September 1797 to the United States Senate for the
term that had commenced March 4, 1797, and served from September
26, 1797, until his resignation in April 1798; judge of the State
supreme court of Tennessee 1798-1804; engaged in planting and in
mercantile pursuits; served in the Creek War of 1813 as commander
of Tennessee forces; his victory in the Creek War brought him a
commission as major general in the United States Army in May 1814;
led his army to victory over the British in the Battle of New
Orleans in January 1815; received the thanks of Congress and a gold
medal by resolution of February 27, 1815; commanded an expedition
which captured Florida in 1817; served as Governor of the new
territory in 1821; again elected to the United States Senate and
served from March 4, 1823, to October 14, 1825, when he resigned;
chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Eighteenth Congress);
unsuccessful candidate for President in 1824; elected as a Democrat
as President of the United States in 1828; reelected in 1832 and
served from March 4, 1829, to March 3, 1837; retired to his country
home, the ‘Hermitage,’ near Nashville, Tenn., where he
died June 8, 1845; interment in the garden on his estate.
Bibliography
American National Biography; Dictionary of American
Biography; The Yale Biographical Dictionary of American
Law; Remini, Robert. Andrew Jackson and the Course of
American Empire, 1767-1821. New York: Harper & Row, 1977;
Jackson, Andrew. The Papers of Andrew Jackson. Edited by Sam
B. Smith, Harriet Chappell Owsley, Harold D. Moser, Sharon
Macpherson, David R. Hoth, John H. Reinbold, et al. 4 vols. to
date. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1980- .
Source: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1771-Present
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