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History and Government—Congressional Biographies—OhioGARFIELD, James Abram
(1831—1881)
GARFIELD, James Abram, a Representative from Ohio and 20th President of the United States; born in Orange, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, November 19, 1831; attended district school; driver and helmsman on the Ohio Canal; entered Geauga Seminary, Chester, Ohio, in March 1849; attended the Eclectic Institute, Hiram, Ohio, 1851-1854; graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., 1858; teacher; professor of ancient languages and literature in Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio; president of Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio, 1857-1861; member of the Ohio state senate 1859; lawyer, private practice; Union Army, Ohio Volunteer Infantry 1861-1863; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and to the eight succeeding Congresses; chair, Committee on Military Affairs (Fortieth Congress); chair, Committee on Banking and Currency (Forty-First Congress); chair, Committee on Appropriations (Forty-Second and Forty-Third Congresses); member of the Electoral Commission created by act of Congress approved January 29, 1877, to decide the contests in various States in the presidential election of 1876; elected to the United States Senate on January 13, 1880, for the term beginning March 4, 1881, but declined to accept having been elected President of the United States on November 4, 1880; elected the twentieth President of the United States in 1880 and served from March 4, 1881, until his death on September 19, 1881, in Elberon, N.J., from the effects of an assassin’s attack on July 2, 1881, in Washington, D.C.; interment in Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio.
Bibliography
Peskin, Allan. Garfield
. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1978; Smith, Theodore Clarke. The Life and Letters of James Abram Garfield.
2 vols. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1925.
Ackerman, Kenneth D. The Dark Horse: The Surprise Election and Political Murder of President James A. Garfield
. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2003.
Bates, Richard O. The gentleman from Ohio; an introduction to Garfield
. Durham, N.C.: Moore Pub. Co., [1973].
Booraem, Hendrik. The road to respectability: James A. Garfield and his world, 1844-1852
. Lewisburg, [Pa.]: Bucknell University Press, 1988.
Brisbin, James S., and William R. Balch. The Life and Public Career of Gen. James A. Garfield.
Philadelphia: Hubard Bros., 1880.
Brown, Harry James. “Garfield’s Congress.” Hayes Historical Journal
3 (Fall 1981): 57-77.
Caldwell, Robert Granville. James A. Garfield, Party Chieftain.
New York: Dodd Mead, 1931.
Carr, Joseph D. “Garfield and Marshall in the Big Sandy Valley, 1861-1862.” Filson Club History Quarterly
64 (April 1990): 247-63.
Clark, James C. The Murder of James A. Garfield: The President’s Last Days and the Trial and Execution of his Assassin
. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1993.
Dawes, Henry L. “Garfield and Conkling. Century 47
(1893-1894): 341-44.
Doak, Robin S. James A. Garfield
. Minneapolis, Minn.: Compass Point Books, 2003.
Doenecke, Justus D. The Presidencies of James A. Garfield & Chester A. Arthur
. Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas, 1981.
Garfield, James A. The American Census
. New York: Nation Press, 1869.
———. Amnesty. Speech of Hon. James A. Garfield, of Ohio, in reply to Hon. B. H. Hill, of Georgia, in the House of Representatives
. [Washington: N.p., 1876].
———. Carpenter’s painting, Lincoln and emancipation
. Washington: Darby & Duvall, printers, 1878.
———. College Education
. Cleveland: Fairbanks, Benedict & Co., printers, 1867.
———. The Currency
. Washington: F. & J. Rives & G. A. Bailey, 1868.
———. Debate on the currency bill
. [Washington: Congressional Globe
Office, 1870].
———. The Diary of James Abram Garfield
. Edited by Harry James Brown and Frederick D. Williams. 4 vols. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1967-1981.
———. Elements of Success
. [Washington]: Gibson Brothers, printers, 1869.
———. Enforcement of the Fourteenth amendment
. Washington: F. & J. Rives & G. A. Bailey, reporters and printers, 1871.
———. National Politics
. [Warren, Ohio: N.p., 1866].
———. Ninth Census
. Washington: F. & I. Rives & G. A. Bailey, 1869.
———. Obedience to the law of the foremost duty of Congress
. Washington: [Government Printing Office], 1880.
———. Oration on the life and character of Gen. George H. Thomas, delivered before the Society of the Army of the Cumberland by Gen, James A. Garfield, at the fourth annual reunion, Cleveland, November 25, 1870
. Cincinnati: R. Clarke & Co., 1871.
———. Politics and patronage in the gilded age; the correspondence of James A. Garfield and Charles E. Henry
. Edited by James D. Norris and Arthur H. Shaffer. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1970.
———. Public expenditures—Their increase and diminution
. [Washington: Printed at the Congressional Globe
Office, 1872].
———. Remarks of Hon. Jas. A. Garfield, of Ohio, in the House of Representatives, April 14, 1866, in memory of Abraham Lincoln
. Washington: H. Taylor, printer, 1866.
———. Revenues and expenditures
. [Washington, D.C.]: J. H. Cunningham, printer, [1874].
———. Review of the transactions of the Credit Mobilier Company, and an examination of that portion of the testimony taken by the committee of investigation and reported to the House of Representatives at the last session of the Forty-second Congress, which relates to Mr. Garfield
. Washington, D.C.: N.p., 1880.
———. Revolution in Congress
. Washington: R. O. Polkinhorn, printer, 1879.
———. Speech of Hon. James A. Garfield, of Ohio, on the confiscation of property of rebels
. [Washington: Printed by L. Towers, 1864].
———. Speech of Hon. James A. Garfield, of Ohio, on the McGarrahan Claim
. Washington?: N.p., 1871].
———. Speeches of Hon. James A. Garfield, of Ohio, in the House of Representatives at the extra session
. Washington: [Government Printing Office], 1879.
———. Suspension and resumption of specie payments. Address of Hon. James A. Garfield, delivered at Chicago, Ill., Jan. 2d, 1879
. Chicago, Ill.: The Honest Money League of the Northwest, 1879.
———. The tariff. Speech of Hon. James A. Garfield, of Ohio ... in the House of Representatives, April 1, 1870
. [Washington?: N.p., 1870].
———. Taxation of United States bonds
. Washington: F. & J. Rives & G. A. Bailey, reporters and printers of the debates of Congress, 1868.
———. The Works of James Abram Garfield
. Edited by Burke A. Hinsdale. 1882-83. Reprint, Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, [1970].
Garfield, Lucretia Rudolph. Crete and James: Personal letters of Lucretia and James Garfield
. Edited by John Shaw. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1994.
Geary, Rick. The fatal bullet: A true account of the assassination, lingering pain, death, and burial of James A. Garfield, twentieth president of the United States; also including the inglorious life and career of the despised assassin Guiteau
. Adapted & illustrated by Rick Geary. New York: NBM, 1999.
Hatfield, Mark O. “James A. Garfield: A Man Called, A People Saved.” Hayes Historical Journal
3 (Fall 1981): 21-30.
Hinsdale, Burke A., ed. The Works of James Abram Garfield.
2 vols. 1882. Reprint, Freeport, N.Y.: Books For Libraries Press, 1970.
Joseph, Paul. James A. Garfield
. Edina, Minn.: Abdo Pub. Co., 2000.
Kingsbury, Robert. The Assassination of James A. Garfield
. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 2002.
Leech, Margaret, and Harry J. Brown. The Garfield Orbit: The Life of James A. Garfield.
New York: Harper and Row, 1978.
McElroy, Richard L. James A. Garfield: His Life & Times: A Pictorial History
. Canton, Ohio: Daring Books, 1986.
Norris, James D., and James K. Martin, eds. “Three Civil War Letters of James A. Garfield.” Ohio History
74 (Autumn 1965): 247-52.
Peskin, Allan. Garfield.
Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1978.
———. “Garfield and Hayes, Political Leaders of the Gilded Age.” Ohio Historical Ouarterly
77 (1968): 111-224.
———. “The Hero of the Sandy Valley: James A. Garfield’s Kentucky Campaign of 1861-1862.” Ohio History
72 (January 1963): 3-24, (April 1963): 129-39.
———. “James A. Garfield: 1831-1863.” Ph.D. diss., Case Western Reserve University, 1965.
———. “President Garfield and the Southern Question: The Making of the Policy that Never Was.” Southern Ouarterly
16 (July 1978): 375-86.
Sawyer, Robert W. “James A. Garfield and the Classics.” Hayes Historical Journal
3 (Fall 1981): 47-56.
Smith, Theodore Clarke. The Life and Letters of James Abram Garfield.
2 vols. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1925.
Taylor, John M. Garfield of Ohio, the Available Man
. New York: Norton, [1970].
Source: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1771-Present
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