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History and Government—Congressional Biographies—South Carolina / USLangdon CHEVES
(1776-1857)
CHEVES, Langdon, a
Representative from South Carolina; born September 17, 1776, in
Bulltown Fort, near Rocky River, Ninety-sixth District (now
Abbeville County), S.C., where the settlers had taken refuge from
the onslaught of the Cherokee Indians; received his early education
at his home and Andrew Weed’s School near Abbeville, S.C.;
joined his father in Charleston, S.C., in 1786 and continued his
schooling in that city; studied law; was admitted to the bar
October 14, 1797, and commenced practice in Charleston; city
alderman in 1802; member of the State house of representatives
1802-1804 and 1806-1808; elected attorney general of the State in
1808; elected as a Republican to the Eleventh Congress to fill the
vacancy caused by the resignation of Robert Marion, having
previously been elected to the Twelfth Congress; reelected to the
Thirteenth Congress, and served from December 31, 1810, to March 3,
1815; succeeded Henry Clay as Speaker of the House of
Representatives during the second session of the Thirteenth
Congress; chairman, Committee on Ways and Means (Twelfth Congress),
Committee on the Naval Establishment (Twelfth Congress); declined
to be a candidate for reelection in 1814 to the Fourteenth Congress
and also the position of Secretary of the Treasury tendered by
President Madison; resumed the practice of law; elected associate
justice of law and appeal in December 1816; resigned in 1819;
declined to accept an appointment as Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States; elected president of the Bank
of the United States March 6, 1819, and held this office until
1822, when he resigned; chief commissioner of claims under the
treaty of Ghent; resided in Philadelphia and Washington 1819-1826
and in Lancaster, Pa., 1826-1829; returned to South Carolina in
1829; engaged extensively in the cultivation of rice in South
Carolina and Georgia; tendered an appointment by the Governor of
South Carolina to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy
caused by the death of John C. Calhoun, but declined; delegate to
the Southern convention at Nashville, Tenn., in 1850 and to the
State convention at Columbia, S.C., in 1852; died in Columbia,
S.C., June 26, 1857; interment in Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston,
S.C.
Bibliography
Huff, Archie Vernon. Langdon Cheves of South Carolina.
Tricentennial Studies, No. 11. Columbia: University of South
Carolina Press, 1977.
Source: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1771-Present
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