The Answer:

The Newbery Medal and Caldecott Medal are both awarded by the Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association. The Newbery Medal, named after English bookseller John Newbery (1713-67), is awarded each year "to the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children published in English in the United States during the preceding year." The Caldecott Medal, named after English illustrator Randolph Caldecott (1846-86), is awarded each year "to the artist of the most distinguished American picture book for children published in English in the United States during the preceding year."

You may be interested in our listings of Book, Magazine, and Newspaper Awards, and the Association for Library Service to Children's listing of its Literary and Related Awards.

—The Editors